What encompasses all physical, chemical, and biological surroundings, including climate and air?

The correct choice encompasses all physical, chemical, and biological surroundings, including climate and air, which defines the term used in this context. The environment is a broad concept that includes all living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) and non-living elements (such as water, air, and minerals) that interact with one another. It represents the complex system in which different factors influence the life and processes occurring within it.

While a biome refers to a large ecological area characterized by distinct flora and fauna, and an ecosystem is a specific unit within that biome where interactions take place between living and non-living components, these terms do not encapsulate the entirety of physical and chemical surroundings. A habitat is the natural home or environment of an organism, which is a smaller scale than the more comprehensive notion of the environment itself.