What federal agency is responsible for the protection of humans and the environment from potentially adverse effects of pesticides?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the correct answer because it is the primary federal agency tasked with regulating and overseeing the use of pesticides in the United States. The EPA's mission includes protecting human health and the environment by assessing the safety and efficacy of pesticides before they can be marketed. The agency establishes guidelines for pesticide registration, ensures compliance with safety standards, and conducts assessments to evaluate potential risks.

The other agencies mentioned have distinct roles that differ from that of the EPA. For instance, the Chemical Safety Board investigates chemical accidents but does not regulate pesticides. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration focuses on ensuring safe working conditions for employees rather than direct pesticide regulation aimed at human health and environmental safety. The Food and Drug Administration regulates food safety and pharmaceuticals but does not specifically handle pesticide regulation. Thus, the EPA is uniquely positioned to manage the implications of pesticide use on public health and ecological wellbeing.