What is the main concern about chlorinated hydrocarbons in pest management?

The main concern about chlorinated hydrocarbons in pest management is their persistence in the environment. These compounds have a tendency to remain in soil and water for extended periods, which can lead to bioaccumulation in the ecosystem. This persistence means that they can continue to exert their effects long after their application, potentially harming beneficial organisms and disrupting ecological balances. Additionally, their long-term presence in the environment raises concerns about groundwater contamination and the potential for residual exposure to humans and wildlife, making management and mitigation efforts more challenging.

The other choices highlight attributes that don’t represent major concerns associated with chlorinated hydrocarbons. For instance, their cost-effectiveness is not directly relevant to the environmental impact; in fact, a lower cost might not justify the long-term risks they pose. Rapid biodegradability is not applicable, as chlorinated hydrocarbons are known for their chemical stability and resistance to degradation. Lastly, declaring them safe for non-target species contradicts the reality of their environmental impacts, as their persistence can lead to detrimental effects on many organisms beyond the intended pest targets.