What term refers to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms employed to control pests?

The term "Microbial Pesticide" accurately describes a class of pesticides that utilizes microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes to control pest populations. This approach harnesses the natural pest-fighting abilities of these organisms, allowing for a more environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.

Microbial pesticides can target specific pests without harming beneficial organisms, which is a significant advantage in integrated pest management practices. This specificity reduces the risk of broader ecological impacts, such as those associated with traditional chemical pesticides, and can help promote a healthier ecosystem.

The other options referenced do not encompass the broad array of microorganisms used for pest control. Microbial herbicides are specific to plant pests, while microbial insecticides focus solely on insects. Microbial fertilizers are designed to enhance plant growth and soil health rather than pest control. Therefore, the term "Microbial Pesticide" is the most comprehensive and accurate for describing microorganisms employed specifically for pest management.